材料弹性模量对爆破效果的影响Influence of Material Elastic Modulus on Blasting Effect
颜思颖,段卫东,王子康,蒋培
摘要(Abstract):
在岩土爆破工程中,为了得到预期的爆破效果,需要根据岩体的性质确定炸药单耗,对于红砂岩等抗压强度较低的岩体,由于其抗拉强度较高,弹性模量较低,只根据坚固性系数来确定炸药单耗往往达不到良好的爆破效果。为了得到此类岩体爆破效果影响因素,优化爆破方案,使用加入橡胶粉的混凝土来作为相似材料模型模拟低抗压强度、低弹性模量的岩体进行爆破试验。在混凝土中加入比例为0、2%、4%、6%、8%目数为20、60的橡胶粉,制作了不同弹性模量的混凝土试样。通过爆破试验,研究分析材料弹性模量对爆破效果的影响。试验结果表明:相同目数下,试样的大块质量比例大致随着橡胶粉的增加而增加,在混凝土抗压强度减小的情况下,随着混凝土试样的抗拉强度的增加和弹性模量的降低,炸药的单耗增加。在抗压强度和抗拉强度接近时,弹性模量越低,炸药的单耗越高。对于某些低弹性模量的介质,其抗压强度不能完全反映破坏所需炸药的单耗。材料弹性模量的降低提高了介质的韧性,对于一些完整性较好、弹性模量较低的介质,除了根据其抗压强度确定炸药单耗,还要考虑弹性模量的影响,弹性模量的降低会显著提高介质破坏所需的能量。因此,弹性模量降低会使介质爆破需要的炸药单耗增加。在实际工程中,可以根据介质的抗压强度和弹性模量综合确定炸药单耗。
关键词(KeyWords): 橡胶-纤维混凝土;爆破试验;炸药单耗;爆破块度;弹性模量
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(52274136、51904210)~~
作者(Author): 颜思颖,段卫东,王子康,蒋培
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