黄小武,贾永胜,袁方,陈德志,伍岳,刘昌邦

• 1:武汉爆破有限公司
• 2:江汉大学精细爆破国家重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

近年来，随着城市环境日益复杂以及市民的环保意识日益增强，框架结构楼房定向倾倒爆破拆除常遇到倒塌后坐距离大、触地冲击振动强的问题，限制了爆破拆除技术的发展与应用。为控制框架结构楼房定向爆破拆除倒塌后坐与触地振动，在传统底部切口爆破拆除技术基础上，提出了铰点前移高位爆破切口设计方法，并建立了爆破切口高度的理论计算模型；结合工程实践，研发了预留缓冲层高位切口爆破拆除技术，并根据预留缓冲层的处理方式，设计了3种爆破切口形式，以适应不同程度倒塌后坐和触地振动的控制需求。综合采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验等研究方法，对比分析了不同爆破方案下框架结构爆破拆除的倒塌解体效果，研究结果表明：(1)铰点前移高位爆破切口可以加大切口的倾角、延长切口的闭合时间，控制结构倒塌后坐与触地冲击，大幅度提高了结构失稳倒塌的可靠性；(2)相比传统底部切口爆破方案，预留缓冲层铰点前移高位切口爆破方案能够有效缩短爆堆的长度，降低结构倒塌触地的速度，并有效控制爆堆高度；(3)预留缓冲层的处理方式多样，应综合考虑楼房的结构特征和周边环境情况进行选择。

关键词(KeyWords)： 爆破拆除;框剪结构;倒塌后坐;触地振动;爆破效果

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2023XZ35);; 国家自然科学基金项目(52478525)~~

作者(Author): 黄小武,贾永胜,袁方,陈德志,伍岳,刘昌邦

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 谢先启.精细爆破发展现状及展望[J].中国工程科学，2014,16(11):14-19.[1] XIE Xian-qi.Precision blasting,current status and its prospective[J].Strategic Study of CAE,2014,16(11):14-19.(in Chinese)
• [2] 谢先启.我国爆破行业高质量发展若干问题探讨[J].工程爆破，2024,30(5):1-10.[2] XIE Xian-qi.Discussion on several issues of high-quality development of the explosives and blasting industry in China[J].Engineering Blasting,2024,30(5):1-10.(in Chinese)
• [3] 宋锦泉，郑炳旭.我国爆破行业发展面临的问题与思考[J].工程爆破，2017,23(5):91-94.[3] SONG Jin-quan,ZHENG Bin-xu.Problems and thinking on the development of blasting industry in China[J].Engineering Blasting,2017,23(5):91-94.(in Chinese)
• [4] 贾永胜，孙金山，姚颖康，等.我国拆除爆破研究进展与展望(1994-2024)[J].工程爆破，2024,30(5):45- 60.[4] JIA Yong-sheng,SUN Jin-shan,YAO Ying-kang,et al.Research progress and prospect of demolition blasting in China(1994-2024)[J].Engineering Blasting,2024,30(5):45- 60.(in Chinese)
• [5] 贾永胜，刘桂勇，黄小武，等.山城地区框剪结构群楼安全高效爆破拆除[J].爆破，2024,41(1):98-105.[5] JIA Yong-sheng,LIU Gui-yong,HUANG Xiao-wu,et al.Efficient blasting demolition of frame-shear structure buildings in mountain city[J].Blasting,2024,41(1):98-105.(in Chinese)
• [6] 王威，贾永胜，韩传伟，等.框架结构楼房定向爆破拆除后坐控制措施及应用[J].爆破，2021,38(2):105-110.[6] WANG Wei,JIA Yong-sheng,HAN Chuan-wei,et al.Control measures and application of recoil in directional blasting demolition of framed buildings[J].Blasting,2021,38(2):105-110.(in Chinese)
• [7] 田水龙，张程娇，黄雄，等.8层框架结构楼房爆破拆除后坐数值模拟[J].工程爆破，2019,25(1):13-18.[7] TIAN Shui-long,ZHANG Cheng-jiao,HUANG Xiong,et al.Numerical simulation of backward collapse in blasting demolition of 8-storey frame building[J].Engineering Blasting,2019,25(1):13-18.(in Chinese)
• [8] 叶海旺，李庆，郑长青，等.22层框架楼房定向爆破拆除倒塌过程分析[J].爆破，2021,38(2):111-117.[8] YE Hai-wang,LI Qing,ZHENG Chang-qing,et al.Analysis on collapse process of 22 storey frame building demolished by directional blasting[J].Blasting,2021,38(2):111-117.(in Chinese)
• [9] 李庆.框架结构楼房定向爆破拆除倒塌过程研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学，2021.[9] LI Qing.Study on the collapse process of frame structure building by directional demolition blasting[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2021.(in Chinese)
• [10] 高文乐，赵德龙，李元振，等.延期时差对多截面承重立柱框架结构拆除爆破效果的影响[J].爆破器材，2021,50(2):50-54.[10] GAO Wen-le,ZHAO De-long,LI Yuan-zhen,et al.Influence of delayed time difference on demolition blasting effect of multi-section load-bearing column frame structure[J].Explosive Materials,2021,50(2):50-54.(in Chinese)
• [11] 高文乐，孙鸿，寇玉明，等.切口高度与延期时差综合影响下框架-剪力墙结构爆破拆除效果研究[J].爆破，2024,41(3):30-138.[11] GAO Wen-le,SUN Hong,KOU Yu-ming,et al.Study on blasting demolition effect of frame-shear wall structure under influence of incision height and delay Time[J].Blasting,2024,41(3):30-138.(in Chinese)
• [12] 张小龙，周巧霞，楼旭东，等.复杂结构9层厂房定向拆除爆破技术[J].工程爆破，2024,30(3):89-94.[12] ZHANG Xiao-long,ZHOU Qiao-xia,LOU Xu-dong,et al.Directional demolition blasting technology of 9-storey factory building with complex structure[J].Engineering Blasting,2024,30(3):89-94.(in Chinese)
• [13] 刘昌邦，贾永胜，黄小武，等.异形结构楼房纵向逐跨空中解体爆破拆[J].爆破，2019,36(3):84- 89.[13] LIU Chang-bang,JIA Yong-sheng,HUANG Xiao-wu,et al.Blasting demolition technology of longitudinal collapse and aerial disintegration for special-shaped building[J].Blasting,2019,36(3):84- 89.(in Chinese)
• [14] 王洪刚，姚颖康，王威，等.复杂环境下楼房纵向逐跨坍塌爆破技术应用[J].爆破，2020,37(2):80- 84.[14] WANG Hong-gang,YAO Ying-kang,WANG Wei,et al.Application of vertical span by span collapse explosive demolition technique in complex environment[J].Blasting,2020,37(2):80- 84.(in Chinese)
• [15] 刘健修，高朋飞，马国强，等.18层框-筒结构楼房拆除爆破数值模拟分析[J].工程爆破，2024,30(3):74- 81.[15] LIU Jian-xiu,GAO Peng-fei,MA Guo-qiang,et al.Demolition blasting and numerical simulation analysis of 18 storey frame barrel structure building[J].Engineering Blasting,2024,30(3):74- 81.(in Chinese)