黄刚,陈焕轩,王亮,陈晨,杨明,黄照玮

• 1:武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院
• 2:安徽马钢矿业资源集团姑山矿业有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

针对软岩巷道掘进中爆破扰动诱发拱顶超挖的技术难题，提出预裂-光面协同爆破参数优化方法。基于波阻抗理论分析，揭示了预裂缝与围岩之间因波阻抗差异形成高反射系数界面。当应力波传播至此界面时，其大部分能量被反射，仅少量透射，从而显著衰减了应力波强度。这一过程将原本瞬态的剧烈冲击能量，转化为在毫秒时间尺度上平缓释放的荷载，有效阻断了后续应力波的能量叠加与岩体内的损伤累积，提升了岩体的动态稳定性。数值模拟结果表明:相较于传统光面爆破，协同方案将损伤区限制在预裂缝内侧，拱顶损伤深度降至0.3 m，并显著降低峰值振动速度(PPV)，荷载模式由“陡升缓降”转变为上升平缓、峰值滞后的“毫秒级缓释”。现场试验在姑山铁矿-350 m水平高岭土化闪长玢岩巷道进行，应用优化后的协同爆破方案有效控制了轮廓成形，软弱夹层区域围岩保持完整，未发生掉块或垮塌。研究证实预裂-光面协同爆破通过应力屏障效应与参数优化，可显著降低软岩巷道爆破损伤与振动，有效控制超挖。

关键词(KeyWords)： 软岩巷道;预裂爆破;光面爆破;数值模拟;超挖控制

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52109165)~~

作者(Author): 黄刚,陈焕轩,王亮,陈晨,杨明,黄照玮

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