吸水树脂对粉状乳化炸药耐热及爆炸性能影响Effect of Super Absorbent Polymer on Heat-resistant and Explosive Performance of Powder Emulsion Explosives
林谋金,代永富,陆路,薛冰,马宏昊,谢钱斌
摘要(Abstract):
为了提高粉状乳化炸药耐高温能力,将吸水后的吸水树脂添加到粉状乳化炸药中,然后通过热电偶测得上述混合炸药在高温炮孔中的温升曲线,通过爆速仪与网线测得上述混合炸药在炮孔中的爆速。结果表明:由于水具有较大的比热容,吸水后的树脂在高温炮孔中可吸收热量与释放水蒸气,从而使混合炸药温升速度大幅降低;另外,由于吸水后的树脂与粉状乳化炸药混合后会泌水,使混合炸药内部受热比较均匀且能维持在100℃以下;随着吸水树脂含量逐渐增加,混合炸药耐热性能显著提高。由于混合炸药的密度高于粉状乳化炸药,即使吸水树脂在爆轰反应过程中会吸收热量以及阻碍爆轰波传播,但含10%吸水树脂的混合炸药的爆速与湿的粉状乳化炸药(3980 m·s~(-1))相当,并相对于粉状乳化炸药(3733 m·s~(-1))提高了6%~11%。随着吸水树脂含量逐渐增加,混合炸药的爆速大幅下降甚至出现拒爆,而且吸水树脂粒径对爆速影响也较为显著。综合考虑,在粉状乳化炸药中加入粒径为10 mm且含量为10%的吸水树脂为较优方案,其既能提高混合炸药在高温炮孔中的安全性,又不影响混合炸药的爆炸威力,对露天自燃煤矿高温爆破具有重要意义。
关键词(KeyWords): 爆炸力学;粉状乳化炸药;吸水树脂;耐热性;爆速;高温爆破
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(12172313、11802255);; 工程材料与结构冲击振动四川省重点实验室开放基金项目(20kfgk06)
作者(Author): 林谋金,代永富,陆路,薛冰,马宏昊,谢钱斌
参考文献(References):
- [1] 许晨,李克民,李晋旭,等.露天煤矿高温火区爆破的安全技术探究[J].露天采矿技术,2010(4):73-75,89.[1] XU Chen,LI Ke-min,LI Jin-xu,et al.Security technology research on high-temperature fire area blasting in surface mine[J].Opencast Mining Technology,2010(4):73-75,89.(in Chinese)
- [2] 傅建秋,李战军,蔡建德,等.膏状乳化炸药和电雷管的耐高温性能试验研究[J].爆破,2008(4):7-10,27.[2] FU Jian-qiu,LI Zhan-jun,CAI Jian-de,et al.Experimental research on resistance to elevated temperatures of colloidal emulsion explosive and electric detonator[J].Blasting,2008(4):7-10,27.(in Chinese)
- [3] 李战军,郑炳旭.矿用火工品耐热性现场试验[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2009(10):1498-1500.[3] LI Zhan-jun,ZHENG Bing-xu.On-site heat resistant experiments of permissible explosive materials[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Natural Science),2009(10):1498-1500.(in Chinese)
- [4] 郭子如,方琦,段晓兵,等.耐热型铵油炸药露天煤矿火区爆破试验及分析[J].煤矿爆破,2019,37(5):1-3,12.[4] GUO Zi-ru,FANG Qi,DUAN Xiao-bing,et al.Blasting test and analysis of heat resistant ANFO explosives in high temperature overburdens of open coal mine[J].Coal Mine Blasting,2019,37(5):1-3,12.(in Chinese)
- [5] 刘伟,郭子如,王洋,等.耐热型铵油炸药的制备及性能[J].火炸药学报,2020,43(4):372-377.[5] LIU Wei,GUO Zi-ru,WANG Yang,et al.Preparation and properties of heat-resistant ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants,2020,43(4):372-377.(in Chinese)
- [6] 林谋金,石文才,郑炳旭,等.应用于火区爆破的耐火隔热套筒设计[J].爆破,2017,34(4):133-136.[6] LIN Mou-jin,SHI Wen-cai,ZHENG Bing-xu,et al.Designing of refractory insulating sleeve for fire area blasting[J].Blasting,2017,34(4):133-136.(in Chinese)
- [7] 林谋金,郑炳旭,李战军,等.全孔蓄水法在高温火区爆破中的应用[J].爆破,2016,33(3):114-117.[7] LIN Mou-jin,ZHENG Bing-xu,LI Zhan-jun,et al.Application of impounding water blasthole method in fire area blasting[J].Blasting,2016,33(3):114-117.(in Chinese)
- [8] 林谋金,刘畅,马宏昊,等.水浴加热对乳化炸药爆炸威力的影响[J].含能材料,2016,24(12):1214-1218.[8] LIN Mou-jin,LIU Chang,MA Hong-hao,et al.Effect of water-bath heating on explosion performance of emulsion explosives[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2016,24(12):1214-1218.(in Chinese)
- [9] 林谋金,郑炳旭,李战军,等.防护下的导爆索在高温火区爆破中的应用[J].爆破,2016,33(4):123-126.[9] LIN Mou-jin,ZHENG Bing-xu,LI Zhan-jun,et al.Application of protected detonating cord in fire area blasting[J].Blasting,2016,33(4):123-126.(in Chinese)
- [10] 倪欧琪.粉状乳化炸药微观结构研究[J].爆破器材,1998(3):6-8.[10] NI Ou-qi.The research of microstrueture of powdery emulsion explosive[J].Explosive Materials,1998(3):6-8.(in Chinese)