油漆挥发与燃爆机理计算研究——以某船厂爆炸事故为例Computational Research on Volatilization and Explosion Mechanism of Paint——Example of a Shipyard Explosion
李毅,吴龙海,申利远,黄楚原,赵齐,陈先锋
摘要(Abstract)：
以某船厂爆炸事故调查为例，综合使用现场踏勘、走访问询、数值模拟、理论计算、爆炸痕迹分析等调查技术手段，对事故发生、发展，爆炸后效，燃爆机理等展开深入研究。对涉事船体现场踏勘发现，右舷主甲板No.7空舱人孔区域残留有新鲜焊渣。此外，根据火源痕迹、船体破坏程度和舱体开裂方向确定右舷No.7空舱为爆炸事故起始点。综合现场调查结果，还原爆炸事故起因：船舶涂装作业时油漆和稀释剂挥发产生大量有机可燃物，与空气混合后形成爆炸性混合气体，在空舱有限空间内聚集。爆炸性混合气体遇人孔处溅落的焊渣，导致右舷No.7空舱发生爆炸，继而引发右舷其余舱室爆炸。由于爆炸冲击波的孕育-发展-消散的发展历程，爆炸现场破坏情况以No.7空舱为中心，向四周的破坏情况先逐步加深，而后损伤逐步降低。借助CFD分析软件FLUENT,模拟发现爆炸混合气12 h时间内通过人孔向外扩散10%。基于此分析结果，计算获得混合气体体积浓度7.3%,可满足燃爆的发生，且爆炸后TNT当量为188 kg。根据爆炸后事故现场建筑物损毁程度反演爆炸TNT当量为203 kg,与基于混合气体物性参数计算获得的爆炸TNT当量具有较好的一致性，证明此计算方式具有切实可行性。
关键词(KeyWords)： 油漆扩散;爆炸当量;数值模拟;反演计算
基金项目(Foundation): 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(30923010308);; 国家自然科学基金(52274224)~~
作者(Author): 李毅,吴龙海,申利远,黄楚原,赵齐,陈先锋
参考文献(References)：
- [1] 吴梵，滑林.腐蚀、疲劳损伤下船体结构可靠性研究现状与展望[J].中国舰船研究，2017,12(5):52- 63.[1] WU Fan,HUA Lin.Current status and prospects of reliability analysis of hull structures under corrosion and fatigue damage[J].Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2017,12(5):52- 63.(in Chinese)
- [2] BU H,JI X,YUAN X,et al.Calculation of coating consumption quota for ship painting:a CS-GBRT approach[J].Journal of Coatings Technology and Research,2020,17(6):1597- 607.
- [3] 张鹏.成品油轮特种涂装安全风险评价研究[D].大连：大连理工大学，2020.[3] ZHANG Peng.Research on safety risk assessment of tank coating for product oil carrier[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2020.(in Chinese)
- [4] 刘宗桃，赫飞，帅明明，等.油漆挥发分爆炸特性及浓度检测装置设计研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术，2018,14(11):154-159.[4] LIU Zong-tao,HAO Fei,SHUAI Ming-ming,et al.Study on explosive characteristics and design of detection device for concentration of volatile matter of paint[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2018,14(11):154-159.(in Chinese)
- [5] 张璐，郝爱玲，刘庭全，等.调漆间防爆措施可行性分析[J].消防科学与技术，2011,30(9):791-794.[5] ZHANG Lu,HAO Ai-ling,LIU Ting-quan,et al.Feasibility study of the anti-explosion measures in color mixing room[J].Fire Science and Technology,2011,30(9):791-794.(in Chinese)
- [6] 郝爱玲，牛坤，王宗存，等.喷漆厂房调漆过程的火灾爆炸危险性研究[J].消防科学与技术，2011,30(5):367-370.[6] HAO Ai-ling,NIU Kun,WANG Zong-cun,et al.Research on fire and explosion hazard of color mixing process in a paint shop[J].Fire Science and Technology,2011,30(5):367-370.(in Chinese)
- [7] 纪兵兵，陈金瓶.ANSYS ICEM CFD网格划分技术实例详解[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社，2012.[7] JI Bing-bing,CHEN Jin-ping.ANSYS ICEM CFD meshing technique example details[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2012.(in Chinese)
- [8] 朱应伟，章光，胡少华，等.独头隧道钻爆法施工爆生气体扩散过程模拟[J].爆破，2020,37(1):126-133.[8] ZHU Ying-wei,ZHANG Guang,HU Shao-hua,et al.Simulation of diffusion process of harmful gas produced by drill-blast construction in one ended tunnel[J].Blasting,2020,37(1):126-133.(in Chinese)
- [9] 戴卓.烟囱防腐施工过程可燃气体挥发扩散模拟及安全措施研究[D].广州：华南理工大学，2018.[9] DAI Zhuo.Study on volatilization and diffusion simulations ofcombustible gas during anti-corrosion construction of chimney and their safety measures[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2018.(in Chinese)
- [10] HOSSAIN M,ISLAM SZ,POLLARD P.Investigation of species transport in a gas diffusion layer of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell through two-phase modelling[J].Renewable Energy,2013,51:404-18.
- [11] 方晓龙.体育场馆内气态污染物散发与净化的数值模拟及实验研究[D].上海：东华大学，2014.[11] FANG Xiao-long.Numerical simulation and experimental study of dissemination and purification ofgaseous pollutants in stadiums[D].Shanghai:Donghua university,2014.(in Chinese)
- [12] 宁也，何萌，祁畅，等.三元可燃混合气体爆炸极限实验及预测方法[J].爆炸与冲击，2023,43(4):131-139.[12] NING Ye,HE Meng,QI Chang,et al.Experiment and prediction methods on the explosion limit of the ternary flammable gas mixture[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2023,43(4):131-139.(in Chinese)
- [13] 李欣，乐有邦，张刚，等.基于事故调查技术的天然气泄漏爆炸分析——以十堰“6·13”重大燃气爆炸事故为例[J].爆破，2023,40(3):39- 45.[13] LI Xin,YUE You-bang,ZHANG Gang,et al.Analysis of natural gas explosion based on accident nvestigation technique——taking shiyan “6·13” major gas explosion accident as example[J].Blasting,2023,40(3):39- 45.(in Chinese)
- [14] 李欣，张刚，陈先锋，等.某金矿爆炸事故中爆源参数反演计算[J].爆破，2023,40(2):24-28.[14] LI Xin,ZHANG Gang,CHEN Xian-feng,et al.Inverse calculation of blast source parameters in gold mine explosion accident[J].Blasting,2023,40(2):24-28.(in Chinese)