宽孔距爆破模型试验及近场动力学计算研究Model Test and Near-field Dynamic Calculation of Wide Hole Spacing Blasting
吴亮,张澳,周俊汝,陈明
摘要(Abstract)：
针对宽孔距爆破破岩技术中炮孔密集系数合理取值的问题，在总结国内外宽孔距爆破破岩机理的基础上，开展了炮孔密集系数为1.7、2.5、3.5、4.5的有机玻璃板室内爆破试验，并基于常规态型近场动力学原理，开发了爆破计算模块，对宽孔距爆破破岩中裂纹扩展过程、介质位移响应规律进行了研究。结果表明：临空面一侧的径向裂纹受到临空面反射拉伸应力波的作用，表现出向临空面拐角分叉的特征，并逐渐向临空面扩展，最后形成主裂纹组成漏斗形状。在最小抵抗线固定不变条件下，随着炮孔密集系数的增加，应力降低区逐渐增大，同排炮孔间的径向贯通裂隙消失，过大的炮孔密集系数也进一步造成前后排孔间贯通裂纹消失，最后导致单孔爆破的情况发生。位移计算结果进一步证实了上述规律，并且当炮孔密集系数较小时，前排炮孔留下的岩埂刚好被后排炮孔爆破破碎，随着炮孔密集系数的增大，后排孔爆破对前排炮孔所留下的岩埂破碎作用效果逐渐降低。建议实际工程中根据岩体力学性质、地质条件以及爆破目的适当调整密集系数来降低炸药单耗与大块率。
关键词(KeyWords)： 近场动力学;宽孔距爆破;裂纹扩展;密集系数
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(51979205,51909196)~~
作者(Author): 吴亮,张澳,周俊汝,陈明
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